Orthographic Variability Among Somali People in Writing Somali Script

Abstract

This study investigates the orthographic variability in the Somali language, examining how inconsistent educational practices, the influence of foreign languages, and outdated linguistic resources contribute to divergent spelling and writing conventions among Somali speakers. The purpose of the study is to identify the underlying causes of this variability and to propose practical measures for standardization. A multifaceted, field-based methodology was employed, combining visits to academic institutions, engagement with media outlets, consultations with Somali scholars and linguists, and an empirical dictation exercise administered to a group of students to capture real-world writing variation. The findings confirm that orthographic variability is a pervasive and persistent issue, stemming from limited advancement beyond basic literacy, weak institutional incentives for mastering standardized Somali writing, and the comparatively stronger emphasis placed on foreign-language grammar instruction. Based on these findings, the study proposes the development of a unified Somali language curriculum together with a Natural Language Processing (NLP)-based platform that offers automatic correction and suggestions, educational modules, a standardized vocabulary database, and tools for community engagement. In conclusion, standardizing Somali orthography is essential not only for clearer communication but also for preserving the cultural richness, linguistic unity, and long-term relevance of the Somali language, and the study recommends coordinated educational reform and technological innovation to achieve this goal.