Design and Performance Evaluation of a Wireless Gas Leakage DetectionSystem Using MQ-2 Sensor and ESP32

Abstract

Gas leakage poses significant safety risks in residential, commercial, and industrial environments due to its potential to cause fires, explosions, and health hazards. Early detection and timely notification are essential for minimizing these risks. The paper presents the design and performance evaluation of a wireless gas leakage detection system using an MQ-2 gas sensor and an ESP32 microcontroller with integrated Wi-Fi communication. The developed prototype continuously monitors combustible gases, including liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), methane, propane, and smoke, and provides real-time alerts through a buzzer, an LCD display, and the Blynk mobile application. A quantitative experimental approach was adopted to evaluate the system under different operating environments, including an open area, a university classroom, and a kitchen. System performance was assessed based on gas detection capability, response time, communication functionality, and adaptability to varying environmental conditions. Experimental results demonstrated that the system reliably detected combustible gases with a response time of less than five seconds while successfully transmitting wireless notifications within 5–10 seconds. The adaptive threshold method, based on a 25% increase above the environmental baseline, improved detection reliability by accommodating variations in background gas levels across different locations. The integration of the ESP32 with Wi-Fi communication enabled continuous remote monitoring without requiring additional communication hardware. The findings indicate that the proposed system provides a cost-effective, reliable, and practical solution for real-time gas leakage detection and early warning. The developed prototype offers an effective approach for improving safety in indoor gas-utilizing environments and provides a foundation for future Internet of Things (IoT)-based gas monitoring applications.